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- Ü WORLD, Page 63SEPARATISMIs Canada Coming Apart?
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- Maybe not, but its politicians are playing a dangerous game of
- chicken over the future of the federation
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- Mikhail Gorbachev is not the only leader with separation
- anxieties. Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney is also
- finding it difficult keeping his vast nation together, and
- Canada has only two warring nationalities.
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- For decades, the French-speaking majority in Quebec has
- sought official recognition as a "distinct society" within the
- overwhelmingly English-speaking nation. Three years ago, at a
- meeting with the ten provincial premiers at Meech Lake in the
- Gatineau hills of Quebec, Mulroney devised a set of amendments
- that would finally satisfy the demands of the Quebecois and
- bring them to sign the national constitution "with honor and
- enthusiasm." But by last week the Meech Lake accord had turned
- a symbol of renewed division and intolerance between English-
- and French-speaking Canadians.
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- Three provinces reject it, in part because they claim it
- would grant special status to Quebec. Unless something happens
- to resolve the disagreement by the June 23 deadline for the
- accord's final approval, Canadians will have to face the
- possibility of a national rupture. They were jolted by a small
- sample of it last week when Mulroney's most important ally from
- Quebec, Environment Minister Lucien Bouchard, resigned from the
- government over what he sees as English-Canadian intransigence,
- saying, "This country doesn't work anymore. We have to remake
- it."
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- Canada tried to do that when it rewrote its constitution in
- 1982 to add a bill of rights, but the then separatist
- government of Quebec refused to endorse the new document. The
- Meech Lake accord, based on proposals put forward by Quebec's
- Premier Robert Bourassa, was designed to overcome the
- province's opposition. Since then, however, newly elected
- governments in Manitoba, New Brunswick and Newfoundland have
- refused to ratify it. The holdouts argue that the accord grants
- Quebec special legislative powers over language and culture
- that other provinces do not have, and could endanger the civil
- rights of non-French minorities in Quebec.
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- An all-party committee in Ottawa's House of Commons two
- weeks ago tried to break the stalemate by suggesting the House
- pass both the accord and a "companion resolution" that would
- take account of the three provinces' objections.
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- That proposal brought on the resignations of Bouchard and
- two Quebec backbenchers from the ruling party, who insist that
- the accord should be passed untouched and undiluted by
- legislative interpretations. Bouchard now says he thinks the
- much discussed but still vague idea of a Quebec that is
- politically sovereign but retains economic links with Canada
- "makes sense." Quebec, he complains, "is dying of ambiguity."
- Mulroney replaced Bouchard as his political lieutenant in
- Quebec with Industry Minister Benoit Bouchard (no relation),
- who said on national television that Quebec is "tired of being
- misunderstood." He warned, "What we have to understand is that
- this country is within four weeks of collapsing."
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- It might not be quite that bad, since most Canadians seem
- to believe that the provinces will eventually cut a deal. But
- pressure from a worried public is mounting on English- and
- French-speaking politicians alike for a solution to the
- impasse. Last week Mulroney began calling in the provincial
- premiers one by one for jawboning at his official residence in
- an attempt to forge a compromise. The sight of all that
- activity was reassuring, but Canadians are tensely aware that
- if it fails, the Meech Lake accord will die, and Canada's
- federation could be in serious jeopardy.
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- By Bruce W. Nelan.
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